[Nginx] Linux에서 yum으로 설치 방법
1. Nginx 소개
Nginx는 이벤트 기반 비동기 웹 서버로서, 클라이언트 요청을 처리하기 위해 단일 스레드로 실행되는 구조로,
높은 처리량과 낮은 지연 시간을 제공하며, 많은 클라이언트 요청을 동시에 처리할 수 있다.
2. Linux에서 yum으로 Nginx package 설치 방법
sudo yum update
sudo yum install -y epel-release
sudo yum install -y nginx
3. Nginx 기본 설정 파일 및 소개
1) 기본설정파일 위치: /etc/nginx/nginx.conf, 로그파일위치: /var/log/nginx/access.log
2) 설정파일 구성
- http 블록: 모든 HTTP 구성을 정의한다. 예를 들어, 서버 블록과 로깅 및 캐시 설정 등이 여기에 포함된다.
- server 블록: 특정 서버의 구성을 정의한다. 예를 들어, 도메인 이름, 포트 번호, SSL 인증서 및 백엔드 서버 등이 여기에 포함된다.
- location 블록: 특정 URL 경로에 대한 구성을 정의한다. 예를 들어, 프록시 패스 및 캐시 지시문 등이 여기에 포함된다.
3) 설정파일 초기내용
# For more information on configuration, see:
# * Official English Documentation: http://nginx.org/en/docs/
# * Official Russian Documentation: http://nginx.org/ru/docs/
user nginx;
worker_processes auto;
error_log /var/log/nginx/error.log;
pid /run/nginx.pid;
# Load dynamic modules. See /usr/share/doc/nginx/README.dynamic.
include /usr/share/nginx/modules/*.conf;
events {
worker_connections 1024;
}
http {
log_format main '$remote_addr - $remote_user [$time_local] "$request" '
'$status $body_bytes_sent "$http_referer" '
'"$http_user_agent" "$http_x_forwarded_for"';
access_log /var/log/nginx/access.log main;
sendfile on;
tcp_nopush on;
tcp_nodelay on;
keepalive_timeout 65;
types_hash_max_size 2048;
include /etc/nginx/mime.types;
default_type application/octet-stream;
# Load modular configuration files from the /etc/nginx/conf.d directory.
# See http://nginx.org/en/docs/ngx_core_module.html#include
# for more information.
include /etc/nginx/conf.d/*.conf;
server {
listen 80 default_server;
listen [::]:80 default_server;
server_name _;
root /usr/share/nginx/html;
# Load configuration files for the default server block.
include /etc/nginx/default.d/*.conf;
location / {
}
error_page 404 /404.html;
location = /40x.html {
}
error_page 500 502 503 504 /50x.html;
location = /50x.html {
}
}
# Settings for a TLS enabled server.
#
# server {
# listen 443 ssl http2 default_server;
# listen [::]:443 ssl http2 default_server;
# server_name _;
# root /usr/share/nginx/html;
#
# ssl_certificate "/etc/pki/nginx/server.crt";
# ssl_certificate_key "/etc/pki/nginx/private/server.key";
# ssl_session_cache shared:SSL:1m;
# ssl_session_timeout 10m;
# ssl_ciphers PROFILE=SYSTEM;
# ssl_prefer_server_ciphers on;
#
# # Load configuration files for the default server block.
# include /etc/nginx/default.d/*.conf;
#
# location / {
# }
#
# error_page 404 /404.html;
# location = /40x.html {
# }
#
# error_page 500 502 503 504 /50x.html;
# location = /50x.html {
# }
# }
}
4. nginx 가동 및 중지 스크립트
1) 관리용 스크립트
cat > start.sh <<EOF
#!/bin/sh
systemctl start nginx
EOF
cat > stop.sh <<EOF
#!/bin/sh
systemctl stop nginx
EOF
cat > status.sh <<EOF
#!/bin/sh
echo "########## nginx status ########"
systemctl status nginx
echo "########## nginx process ########"
ps -auxf | grep nginx
echo "########## netstat ########"
netstat -plnt
EOF
chmod +x start.sh stop.sh status.sh
2) 가동 후 상태 체크
- nginx가 정상적으로 가동되고, 80포트로 LISTEN되어있는것으로 확인된다.
[root@rocky8: /APP/nginx_binary/bin]# ./start.sh
[root@rocky8: /APP/nginx_binary/bin]# ./status.sh
########## nginx status ########
● nginx.service - The nginx HTTP and reverse proxy server
Loaded: loaded (/usr/lib/systemd/system/nginx.service; disabled; vendor preset: disabled)
Active: active (running) since Mon 2023-03-27 08:25:42 EDT; 4s ago
Process: 1795 ExecStart=/usr/sbin/nginx (code=exited, status=0/SUCCESS)
Process: 1792 ExecStartPre=/usr/sbin/nginx -t (code=exited, status=0/SUCCESS)
Process: 1790 ExecStartPre=/usr/bin/rm -f /run/nginx.pid (code=exited, status=0/SUCCESS)
Main PID: 1796 (nginx)
Tasks: 5 (limit: 49275)
Memory: 16.4M
CGroup: /system.slice/nginx.service
├─1796 nginx: master process /usr/sbin/nginx
├─1797 nginx: worker process
├─1798 nginx: worker process
├─1799 nginx: worker process
└─1800 nginx: worker process
Mar 27 08:25:42 rocky8.linuxvmimages.local systemd[1]: Starting The nginx HTTP and reverse proxy server...
Mar 27 08:25:42 rocky8.linuxvmimages.local nginx[1792]: nginx: the configuration file /etc/nginx/nginx.conf syntax is ok
Mar 27 08:25:42 rocky8.linuxvmimages.local nginx[1792]: nginx: configuration file /etc/nginx/nginx.conf test is successful
Mar 27 08:25:42 rocky8.linuxvmimages.local systemd[1]: Started The nginx HTTP and reverse proxy server.
########## nginx process ########
root 1805 0.0 0.0 12144 1088 pts/0 S+ 08:25 0:00 \_ grep nginx
root 1796 0.0 0.0 120352 2240 ? Ss 08:25 0:00 nginx: master process /usr/sbin/nginx
nginx 1797 0.0 0.1 153068 8100 ? S 08:25 0:00 \_ nginx: worker process
nginx 1798 0.0 0.1 153068 8196 ? S 08:25 0:00 \_ nginx: worker process
nginx 1799 0.0 0.1 153068 8196 ? S 08:25 0:00 \_ nginx: worker process
nginx 1800 0.0 0.1 153068 8116 ? S 08:25 0:00 \_ nginx: worker process
########## netstat ########
Active Internet connections (only servers)
Proto Recv-Q Send-Q Local Address Foreign Address State PID/Program name
tcp 0 0 0.0.0.0:80 0.0.0.0:* LISTEN 1796/nginx: master
tcp 0 0 0.0.0.0:22 0.0.0.0:* LISTEN 1069/sshd
tcp6 0 0 :::80 :::* LISTEN 1796/nginx: master
tcp6 0 0 :::22 :::* LISTEN 1069/sshd
- 80포트로 Test Page 접속한 화면
3) 중지 후 상태 체크
[root@rocky8: /APP/nginx_binary/bin]# ./stop.sh
[root@rocky8: /APP/nginx_binary/bin]# ./status.sh
########## nginx status ########
● nginx.service - The nginx HTTP and reverse proxy server
Loaded: loaded (/usr/lib/systemd/system/nginx.service; disabled; vendor preset: disabled)
Active: inactive (dead)
Mar 27 08:29:37 rocky8.linuxvmimages.local systemd[1]: Stopping The nginx HTTP and reverse proxy server...
Mar 27 08:29:37 rocky8.linuxvmimages.local systemd[1]: nginx.service: Succeeded.
Mar 27 08:29:37 rocky8.linuxvmimages.local systemd[1]: Stopped The nginx HTTP and reverse proxy server.
Mar 27 16:51:03 rocky8.linuxvmimages.local systemd[1]: Starting The nginx HTTP and reverse proxy server...
Mar 27 16:51:03 rocky8.linuxvmimages.local nginx[2024]: nginx: the configuration file /etc/nginx/nginx.conf syntax is ok
Mar 27 16:51:03 rocky8.linuxvmimages.local nginx[2024]: nginx: configuration file /etc/nginx/nginx.conf test is successful
Mar 27 16:51:03 rocky8.linuxvmimages.local systemd[1]: Started The nginx HTTP and reverse proxy server.
Mar 27 16:51:13 rocky8.linuxvmimages.local systemd[1]: Stopping The nginx HTTP and reverse proxy server...
Mar 27 16:51:13 rocky8.linuxvmimages.local systemd[1]: nginx.service: Succeeded.
Mar 27 16:51:13 rocky8.linuxvmimages.local systemd[1]: Stopped The nginx HTTP and reverse proxy server.
########## nginx process ########
root 2050 0.0 0.0 12144 1156 pts/0 S+ 16:51 0:00 \_ grep nginx
########## netstat ########
Active Internet connections (only servers)
Proto Recv-Q Send-Q Local Address Foreign Address State PID/Program name
tcp 0 0 0.0.0.0:22 0.0.0.0:* LISTEN 1069/sshd
tcp6 0 0 :::22 :::* LISTEN 1069/sshd
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